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How to Diagnose and Treat ADHD
Many people believe that ADHD is only a condition of children, but it can affect adults as well. If diagnosed and treated for ADHD an individual can improve their life.
Interviewing the individual and their family members may be a part of an evaluation for ADHD. The specialist might review the school records from the past to determine whether the symptoms started in the early years of childhood.
Signs and symptoms
ADHD is a disorder that can affect school, work and family life. Everyone struggles with concentration and staying organized at times. To be able to identify the disorder, someone must exhibit severe symptoms in at least two of these areas and demonstrate that the symptoms significantly affect everyday functioning. The symptoms must have also been present for at least six months.
A doctor will ask the patient about his or her symptoms, and also about any medical concerns and family history. They may also employ rating systems to gauge symptoms in adults and children. These questionnaires are usually built on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fifth Edition (DSM-5). They cover symptoms such as hyperactivity, inattention and the tendency to be impulsive.
Adults might be asked to talk to their spouse or someone who knows them well. This is not a way to doubt the patient's honesty, but to gain insight into their behavior that isn't obtained through an interview. They may ask about childhood behavior and refer to the old school records to determine whether symptoms began before the age of 12.
Before making a diagnosis, the doctor will perform physical examinations and tests in the lab to rule out other health issues, like head injuries or thyroid issues which can trigger similar symptoms. The provider will also review the patient's medications. Doctors will look at the interactions between stimulants and certain medications prescribed for depression, high blood pressure, and other conditions. This is the reason it's crucial for adults to talk to their primary care providers if they think they might be suffering from ADHD.
Diagnosis
For a person to be diagnosed with ADHD symptoms must manifest in at least two or more environments (like school, home and at work) and significantly interfere with functioning. They should also have been diagnosed before the age of 12, and the impairment cannot be due to another disorder, such as depression or anxiety.
A mental health professional or doctor will use a variety of tools during an evaluation, including ADHD symptoms checklists as well as standardized behavior rating scales and a thorough history. They might also talk to friends and family members to find out how the patient's symptoms have affected them. They will ask if the symptoms are similar to those of other mental health conditions or physical conditions.
The evaluators will decide if the symptoms are serious or mild. They will also look into the patient's medical and familial background to determine if there are any root causes behind their condition, such as thyroid issues or head injuries.
In certain instances, an evaluator may want to conduct a cognitive test or ask the person to undergo an imaging test to rule out other reasons for their symptoms, including mood disorders, learning disabilities, personality disorders and addiction to drugs. People with these disorders often show different symptoms from those with no issues. Boys tend to display hyperactive symptoms, whereas girls show inattentive ones.
Many people with ADHD are interested in taking part in a clinical trial to test new treatments. While this is a fantastic opportunity to contribute to further research, it is important for participants to understand that the primary purpose of these studies is to acquire scientific knowledge and do not necessarily guarantee that they will receive treatment. Visit the NIMH's Clinical Trials Fact Sheet for more information about clinical trials.
Treatment
If you suspect they have ADHD, it's important to find a professional who is experienced in diagnosing the disorder. Ask getting a adhd diagnosis if ADHD specialists will be covered. You can also ask family doctors or other healthcare providers for referrals. Word-of-mouth recommendations are also a good option.
A doctor will ask the patient - or their parents in the case of children - about their symptoms. They can use standardized questionnaires or ADHD symptoms checklists, and request details from other people in the person's life, such as spouses and family members. Personal experience often reveals more than can be gleaned from questionnaires.
A specialist will also need to review any records that the person may have, particularly old school reports. The diagnosis of ADHD is usually dependent on the past of the individual. To be diagnosed the symptoms must be present from the time of childhood (technically, before the age 12).
Physical examinations are also performed. It will look for any other medical conditions that may be responsible for the symptoms, such as seizure disorders or thyroid problems. A neurological examination is often performed by a specialist to check motor control and coordination. Psychological tests to measure the ability to think and be smart could be utilized. In addition, a person might be asked to perform simple computer tasks to test memory and attention. This could help an expert determine if a person is hyperactive or inattentional. The expert will decide on a diagnosis and suggest treatment. The typical treatment plan includes therapy and medication. Psychotherapy, or talk therapy can teach adults and children healthy coping techniques and help change negative thinking patterns. This therapy can be provided by a primary doctor or a mental health professional who is a specialist in adult ADHD.
Medication
Many people with ADHD are helped by medications, however it's not the only option to treat the condition. Psychotherapy, behavioral therapy or a combination can be beneficial for children, teens and adults. These therapies help them cope with their ADHD symptoms and learn to live with the symptoms. They can include psychoeducation, which is an education about ADHD and methods to manage it. They can include teachers, family members and professionals.
It's crucial to locate an expert in mental health or health professional who is experienced in treating ADHD. You can request recommendations from other people with ADHD or from a mental health provider you already know, or do an online search. It is best to locate an expert who is familiar with your insurance plan.
To determine if your child has ADHD to determine the cause, a health professional will inquire about your or your child's symptoms and problems caused by the condition. They will conduct an examination and check for other health issues that could cause similar symptoms. They will review the medical and family history of your child or you, as well as school records and other documents.
The American Psychiatric Association's (DSM-V) that is designed to diagnose children and adolescents, has a harder time diagnosing ADHD in adults. Your doctor will talk to you or your child about the signs and may ask other people who spend long periods of time with them to fill out questionnaires and checklists. They will use these to help them decide whether you or your child has inattentive ADHD, hyperactive-impulsive ADHD, combined ADHD or unspecified ADHD. ADHD medications include stimulants like methylphenidate, lisdexamfetamine and atomoxetine, as well nonstimulants such atomoxetine as well as certain antidepressants. They work by increasing and balancing levels of brain chemicals called neurotransmitters.
Counseling
Many people with ADHD also have comorbid disorders, like depression or anxiety. Treatment should therefore include therapy that targets these issues. Certain patients might benefit from cognitive behavioral therapy, which helps develop skills such as time and task control, emotional self-regulation and impulse control.
In addition, therapists can help patients learn to manage their symptoms through lifestyle adjustments. For instance, a regular exercise routine can help reduce hyperactivity and improve concentration. A healthy diet is essential as well. People suffering from ADHD tend to consume more fat and sugar, and less fruits and vegetables. Lastly making relationships with family and friends prioritizing relationships can reduce stress levels and help individuals feel more in control of their lives.
A diagnosis of ADHD can aid adults and children to understand their challenges. For instance, a child with ADHD may have trouble communicating his or her needs to teachers and peers, but when a teacher realizes that it's not due to personal issues or to a lack of motivation accommodations can be implemented.
A professional who evaluates ADHD will ask questions that are targeted to the person's age, talk to family members and teachers, review medical records, and look for any comorbid conditions. For adults, records from school could be helpful in determining if the ADHD symptoms started before the age of adulthood.
The specialist will also check for any hearing or vision problems. The doctor may also conduct tests on the blood to check for certain hormones and other health issues that may cause symptoms of ADHD.